Mobile telephony is a specific telecommunication medium in radiocommunication that uses electronic mobile devices such as a mobile phone or cell phone.
The generations are as follows:
2G
The second mobile generation “2G”, also known as GSM (Global System Mobile Communications), was the first digital generation and the first global cellular communications network standardized by ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute).
The characteristics of this generation are:
• Transmission of voice, fax, and SMS services.
• Circuit-switched architecture for telephone calls.
• Time division in transmission and reception using TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access).
• Separation of bands for transmission and reception, using 200 KHz carriers.
• First network that allowed international connectivity.
Over time, mobile networks added greater data transmission capacity through GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), which can be considered a data service for GSM users.
3G
The third generation of mobile telephony appeared in the 2000s, with UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) technology.
The main characteristics of this generation are:
• The network core is based on circuit and packet switching.
• Uses the CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) access technique.
• Each carrier has an assigned bandwidth of 5 MHz.
• Possibility of making voice calls and data transactions.
• Data transmission/reception speed up to seven times faster than 2G.
4G
With the advent of smartphones and the continuous evolution of the internet, the demand for data speed in mobile networks grew, which is why 4G also known as LTE (Long Term Evolution) appeared, which currently supports most of our mobile data traffic.
The main characteristics are:
• Network based on packet switching, with an “all IP” solution only.
• Carriers are offered with different bandwidths ranging from 4 to 20 MHz.
• Voice is introduced through IMS (IP Multimedia System).
• End-to-end quality of service is implemented within its network.
• Use of techniques with multiple antennas in transmission and reception (MIMO).
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