Thanks to the use and deployment of fiber optic network infrastructure, Internet service providers have brought great benefits to the telecommunications sector with the high data transmission speeds they offer today.
An optical distribution network (ODN) is a purely passive fiber optic network. The topology of this type of optical distribution network can be point-to-point or point-to-multipoint. FTTH networks use the latter configuration, where the ODN is the optical transmission medium for the physical connection between the OLT and the users (ONU), and vice versa, as shown in the following image:
Point-to-multipoint ODN
The ODN is composed of passive optical elements such as:
• Single-mode fiber optic cables.
• Optical patch cords.
• Passive branching components.
• Passive optical attenuators.
• Splices.
Below are some fundamental ODN requirements in an FTTH network:
• Optical wavelength transparency: Devices such as optical branching devices not intended to perform any wavelength-selective function must be capable of supporting signal transmission at any wavelength in the 1310 nm and 1650 nm regions.
• Reciprocity: Reversing the input and output ports will not cause significant changes in optical losses through the devices.
• Fiber compatibility: All optical components must be compatible with single-mode fiber.
• Distance: the physical connection of ONUs to OLTs with a distance less than 20 km.
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